(backup from Coticule.be)
Unicot honing – sharpening razors without other hones
Last updated on: 2012-02-12 23:12
[article available for download in various languages- see the PDF-files above at the end]
Coticules are extremely versatile hones. When used with slurry, they remove steel quite rapidly. When used with water they are among the very best options for finishing a razor’s edge. The challenging part of honing a razor on nothing but one Coticule is bridging the gap of keenness between the edge left by the slurry and the sharpness required to finish on water. The UniCot method, here presented, provides a simple yet elegant solution for this issue.
To keep matters as uncomplicated as possible this method relies on as little honing test as possible. For this reason, the guidelines must be followed rather strictly.
Required Items.
– a straight razor in undamaged condition. It may be dull, or not shaving well for whatever reason, als long as there are no flaws at the edge that can be seen with the naked eye. (no missing chips or obvious corrosion).
– a serviceable Coticule. It must be lapped flat and have chamfered edges.
– a Coticule slurry stone.
– a cup of water
– some electrical insulation tape
– a glass jar or a drinking glass
Method.
Step 1. Make sure that the razor does not shave arm hair. If it does, run the razor without any significant pressure, edge down, over the bottom of the glass jar. Check again to make sure that it no longer shaves arm hair and repeat if necessary.
Step 2. Raise slurry on the Coticule. Sprinkle some water on the surface and rub with the slurry stone till the fluid has a milky consistency.
Step 3. Place the razor on the Coticule and perform half X-strokes, with the index finger pressing down at the middle of the razor, near the spine (see the video). Perform diagonal back and forth motions without flipping the blade. Count 30 laps. Flip the blade and copy 30 back and forth strokes on the other side.
Check if the razor shaves arm hair. If not, repeat the 30 laps on both sides, same fashion. Continue doing this, till the razor manages to shave arm hair. Only then, proceed to the next step. You may have to repeat this 2 to 20 times, depending on the initial condition of the razor. If it takes a long time, try keeping an eye on the width of both bevel sides. If they start showing unequal width, spend some extra laps on the narrowest side.
Step 4. Once the razor shaves arm hair, refresh the slurry, make it sligtly thinner than before.
Perform about 30 regular X-strokes with as little pressure as you can while steadily guiding the razor.
This amount is given for a typical 6″X2″ (15cmX5cm) Coticule. Adjust the lap count according to the particular Coticule.
Step 5. Add one layer of electrical insulation tape to the spine. Rinse the razor. Do not rinse the Coticule but add a few drops of clear water. The slurry should be quite watery. Perform 30 X-stroking laps.
Step 6. Completely rinse the Coticule and sprinkle clean water on top. Rinse the razor. Finish with 50 laps, using only clear water on the hone. Remove the tape and glently dry the razor with a piece of tissue paper.
Step 7. Strop the razor on a good hanging strop. Keep the strop reasonably taut and apply light pressure on the razor, just enough to develop a light drawing sensation. Strop 60 laps on a clean linen and 60 laps on clean leather.
Elaboration.
There are two counterintuitive features to this method. The first is to dull the edge prior to aiming for flat and completely developed bevel faces, which is a crucial condition to be met, before the edge can be refined to a comfortable shaving keenness. The reason for starting with a razor that does not shave arm hair, is to take the guesswork out of knowing when the aforementioned goal is accomplished. Razors often have arc-shaped bevel faces, due to the use of pasted strops for maintaining the shaveability of the edge. Eventually the arc introduced in the bevel of the razor gets so curved that the shaving comfort becomes compromised. At that point, it is time for honing, however the edge is still capable of shaving arm hair. When we remove this shaving ability in the slightest of ways, by running the edge over a glas surface, we know with absolute certainty that the edge will not shave arm hair again before the bevel faces are completely flat and extending fully. A second advantage is that small blemishes accumulated by edge deterioration, will be gone. Our new edge will live in fresh and uncompromised steel.
The second feature that might seem counterintuitive, is the application of one layer of tape halfway through the honing proces. It is however, the cornerstone of the Unicot method. Slurry on a Coticule abrades steel with ample speed, but it is at the same time somewhat detrimental for the extremely fine tip of the edge. The impact of the tip with the abrasive garnets in the slurry has a rounding effect. At the same time there is also a sharpening effect due to steel being removed from the bevel faces. At the certain level on the keenness scale, the dulling effect neutralizes the sharpening effect. One could hone the razor into oblivion on the hone with slurry, never would it take a keener edge than that level.
When no slurry is used on a Coticule, the garnets stay safely embedded into the surface of the hone, only protruding with a small part of their total volume. They quickly loose their bite and no fresh garnets are exposed to continuously rejuvenate the cutting force of the hone. As a result the Coticule becomes a very slow and shallow polisher, superior for smoothing, but almost useless for refining the edge. For this reason, simply stepping up from a Coticule with slurry to one with merely water, will seldom deliver good keenness. Gradually diluting the slurry helps, but success with the “Dilucot” procedure (as this honing strategy is called) depends a lot on individual skill to control the dilution with good precision.
But there is a way for exponentially boosting the performance of extremely slow hones. If the Coticule, used with water, is allowed to work on a narrow strip near near the apex of the blade, it will remove enough steel to refine the edge, gradually slowing down as a new flat region grows. One layer of tape added to the spine is sufficient to divert all refining action to the tip to the bevel. Because the new, secondary bevel is only altered by the smallest possible degree, it must be allowed enough width, in order to add the desired keennes to the initial bevel. The seconday bevel is cut with a very light slury before maximizing sharpness on the Coticule with clean water.
Edge maintenance.
Because of the small cutting bevel, a Coticule with water is very effective for touching up the razor. This is best done at the earliest signs of edge deterioration. 30 laps should suffice. Obviously, tape must be reapplied for this task.
With each touch-up the secondary bevel grows a bit wider, till we reach the point where the Coticule with only water will no longer offer adequate sharpening puissance. This is easily remedied by removing the tape, which allows the initial bevel to grow in favor of the secondary bevel that has no choise but to diminish. About 30 laps on slurry should suffice to bring the secondary bevel within reach of the Coticule with water again.
